在使用服务器的过程当中你会遇到磁盘空间使用完毕或者VPS空间分成系统盘跟数据盘的情况，这时候就需要挂载新的硬盘到服务器系统上才能继续保存文件，那么在下面教你如何在linux系统下挂载硬盘。
挂载硬盘
在此我们以2块480G硬盘为例，进行硬盘的挂载
运行磁盘操作命令 查询当前服务器上面的所有硬盘
fdisk -l
[root@s12-196 ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 480.1 GB, 480103981056 bytes, 937703088 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x000e30a9
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 2048 1050623 524288 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 1050624 17827839 8388608 82 Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sda3 17827840 937701375 459936768 83 Linux
Disk /dev/sdb: 480.1 GB, 480103981056 bytes, 937703088 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
[root@s12-196 ~]#
通过终端打印出来的信息我们可以看到当前服务器有2个硬盘 分别为
#Disk /dev/sda: 480.1 GB, 480103981056 bytes, 937703088 sectors
#Disk /dev/sdb: 480.1 GB, 480103981056 bytes, 937703088 sectors
首先要确定当前系统安装在那块硬盘上面，可以通过命令df -h来进行确认
[root@s12-196 ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda3 432G 2.1G 408G 1% /
devtmpfs 48G 0 48G 0% /dev
tmpfs 48G 0 48G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 48G 26M 48G 1% /run
tmpfs 48G 0 48G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 488M 105M 348M 24% /boot
tmpfs 9.5G 0 9.5G 0% /run/user/0
[root@s12-196 ~]#
从上面终端打印出来的信息当中 我们可以发现有以下2条分区配置 / 跟 /boot
/dev/sda3 432G 2.1G 408G 1% /
/dev/sda1 488M 105M 348M 24% /boot
通过这2条信息 我们即可判断当前系统安装在硬盘设备 /dev/sda 上面
判断系统所在硬盘完成 那么理所当然另外一个硬盘 /dev/sdb 即为我们需要挂载的硬盘 接下来进行硬盘挂载 操作
针对全选未分区的硬盘
执行磁盘分区命令
fdisk /dev/sdb
根据提示，依次输入"n"，"p" "1"，两次回车，"wq"，分区就开始了，很快就会完成。
[root@s12-196 ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Device does not contain a recognized partition table
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0xea2d35dd.
Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
e extended
Select (default p): p
Partition number (1-4, default 1): 1
First sector (2048-937703087, default 2048):
Using default value 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-937703087, default 937703087):
Using default value 937703087
Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 447.1 GiB is set
Command (m for help): wq
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
[root@s12-196 ~]# 运行完毕 设备/dev/sdb分区即完成 通过命令 fdisk -l 验证以下
[root@s12-196 ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 480.1 GB, 480103981056 bytes, 937703088 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x000e30a9
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 2048 1050623 524288 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 1050624 17827839 8388608 82 Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sda3 17827840 937701375 459936768 83 Linux
Disk /dev/sdb: 480.1 GB, 480103981056 bytes, 937703088 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xea2d35dd
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 2048 937703087 468850520 83 Linux
[root@s12-196 ~]#
这里我们可以看到 成功分出了一个 /dev/sdb1 的磁盘分区 接下来格式化这个新建立的磁盘分区
mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb1`
[root@s12-196 ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb1
mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Discarding device blocks: done
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
29310976 inodes, 117212630 blocks
5860631 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=2264924160
3578 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872, 71663616, 78675968,
102400000
Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
[root@s12-196 ~]#
很快磁盘分区就格式化完成了 接着建立分区挂载目录
新建挂载目录 /data
mkdir /data
需要注意的是挂载目录不是固定的 可以是data 也可以是其他的目录 这里以挂载到data目录为例进行
挂载硬盘
使用mount命令进行磁盘的挂载
mount /dev/分区名 /挂载目录
因为我们刚刚建立的分区为/dev/sdb1 所以这里的挂载命令为
mount /dev/sdb1 /data
运行完成以后 磁盘即可成功挂载到/data目录上 我们来验证一下 使用 df -h 命令
[root@s12-196 ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda3 432G 2.1G 408G 1% /
devtmpfs 48G 0 48G 0% /dev
tmpfs 48G 0 48G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 48G 26M 48G 1% /run
tmpfs 48G 0 48G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 488M 105M 348M 24% /boot
tmpfs 9.5G 0 9.5G 0% /run/user/0
/dev/sdb1 440G 73M 418G 1% /data
[root@s12-196 ~]#
通过终端打印出来的信息 我们可以看到 磁盘分区sdb1已经成功挂载到data目录
/dev/sdb1 440G 73M 418G 1% /data
最后一步设置开机自动挂载 这步千万不要省略 或者机器重启以后前面挂载的磁盘就失效了
编辑开启启动文件
vi /etc/fstab
插入磁盘设备分区名 挂载目录 文件格式
/dev/sdb1 /data ext4 defaults 0 0
到此硬盘挂载完成
针对以有磁盘分区的硬盘
列出所有硬盘 fdisk -l
[root@s12-196 ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 480.1 GB, 480103981056 bytes, 937703088 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x000e30a9
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 2048 1050623 524288 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 1050624 17827839 8388608 82 Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sda3 17827840 937701375 459936768 83 Linux
Disk /dev/sdb: 480.1 GB, 480103981056 bytes, 937703088 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xea2d35dd
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 2048 937703087 468850520 83 Linux
[root@s12-196 ~]#
在这里我们可以看到 当前有2个硬盘 2个硬盘分别有已经划分好的分区设备
/dev/sda1 /dev/sda2 /dev/sda3 跟 /dev/sdb1
判断系统所在硬盘同上面的教程 这里主要说一下已经存在有分区的硬盘如何进行挂载 首先需要先删除已分区 同样的执行磁盘操作命令
fdisk /dev/sdb
依次输入 "d" "p" "wq"回车保存 有几个分区就运行几次 直到所有分区全部删除
[root@s12-196 ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Command (m for help): d
Selected partition 1
Partition 1 is deleted
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 480.1 GB, 480103981056 bytes, 937703088 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xea2d35dd
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
Command (m for help): wq
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
[root@s12-196 ~]#
验证一下分区是否已经删除
[root@s12-196 ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 480.1 GB, 480103981056 bytes, 937703088 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x000e30a9
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 2048 1050623 524288 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 1050624 17827839 8388608 82 Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sda3 17827840 937701375 459936768 83 Linux
Disk /dev/sdb: 480.1 GB, 480103981056 bytes, 937703088 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xea2d35dd
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
[root@s12-196 ~]#
可以看到磁盘设备 /dev/sdb 已经没有 /dev/sdb1 分区
删除所有分区以后 接下来的操作方法就跟前面提到的教程一样 划分新分区 格式化硬盘 挂载硬盘到目录
到此本次课程结束